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authorStefan Suhren <suhren.stefan@fh-swf.de>2015-10-09 09:58:02 +0200
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+*pi_netrw.txt* For Vim version 7.0. Last change: 2006 May 02
+
+ NETRW REFERENCE MANUAL by Charles E. Campbell, Jr.
+
+
+*dav* *http* *network* *rcp* *scp*
+*fetch* *netrw* *Nread* *rsync* *sftp*
+*ftp* *netrw.vim* *Nwrite* *netrw-file*
+
+==============================================================================
+0. Contents *netrw-contents*
+
+1. Starting With Netrw..................................|netrw-start|
+2. Netrw Reference......................................|netrw-ref|
+ CONTROLLING EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS..................|netrw-externapp|
+ READING............................................|netrw-read|
+ WRITING............................................|netrw-write|
+ DIRECTORY LISTING..................................|netrw-dirlist|
+ CHANGING THE USERID AND PASSWORD...................|netrw-chgup|
+ VARIABLES..........................................|netrw-variables|
+ PATHS..............................................|netrw-path|
+3. Network-Oriented File Transfer.......................|netrw-xfer|
+ NETRC..............................................|netrw-netrc|
+ PASSWORD...........................................|netrw-passwd|
+4. Activation...........................................|netrw-activate|
+5. Transparent File Transfer............................|netrw-transparent|
+6. Ex Commands..........................................|netrw-ex|
+7. Variables and Options................................|netrw-var|
+8. Directory Browsing...................................|netrw-browse| {{{1
+ Maps...............................................|netrw-maps|
+ Exploring..........................................|netrw-explore-cmds|
+ Quick Reference Commands Table.....................|netrw-browse-cmds|
+ Netrw Browser Variables............................|netrw-browse-var|
+ Introduction To Directory Browsing.................|netrw-browse-intro|
+ Netrw Browsing And Option Incompatibilities........|netrw-incompatible|
+ Directory Exploring Commands.......................|netrw-explore|
+ Refreshing The Listing.............................|netrw-ctrl-l|
+ Going Up...........................................|netrw--|
+ Browsing...........................................|netrw-cr|
+ Obtaining A File...................................|netrw-O|
+ Thin, Long, and Wide Listings......................|netrw-i|
+ Making A New Directory.............................|netrw-d|
+ Deleting Files Or Directories......................|netrw-D|
+ Renaming Files Or Directories......................|netrw-move|
+ Hiding Files Or Directories........................|netrw-a|
+ Edit File Or Directory Hiding List.................|netrw-ctrl-h|
+ Browsing With A Horizontally Split Window..........|netrw-o|
+ Preview Window.....................................|netrw-p|
+ Selecting Sorting Style............................|netrw-s|
+ Editing The Sorting Sequence.......................|netrw-S|
+ Reversing Sorting Order............................|netrw-r|
+ Changing To A Predecessor Directory................|netrw-u|
+ Changing To A Successor Directory..................|netrw-U|
+ Browsing With A Vertically Split Window............|netrw-v|
+ Customizing Browsing With A User Function..........|netrw-x|
+ Making The Browsing Directory The Current Directory|netrw-c|
+ Bookmarking A Directory............................|netrw-b| |netrw-Nb|
+ Changing To A Bookmarked Directory.................|netrw-B| |netrw-NB|
+ Listing Bookmarks And History......................|netrw-q|
+ Improving Directory Browsing.......................|netrw-listhack| }}}1
+9. Problems and Fixes...................................|netrw-problems|
+10. Debugging............................................|netrw-debug|
+11. History..............................................|netrw-history|
+12. Credits..............................................|netrw-credits|
+
+The Netrw plugin is generally sourced automatically as it is a
+|standard-plugin|. That said, to make use of netrw, one must
+have plugins available which can be done with the following
+two lines in your <.vimrc>: >
+
+ set nocp " 'compatible' is not set
+ filetype plugin on " plugins are enabled
+<
+You can avoid loading this plugin by setting the "loaded_netrw" variable
+in your <.vimrc> file: >
+
+ :let loaded_netrw = 1
+
+{Vi does not have any of this}
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Starting With Netrw *netrw-start*
+
+Netrw makes reading, writing, and browsing over a network connection easy!
+First, make sure that you have plugins enabled, so you'll need to have at
+least the following in your <.vimrc>: (or see |netrw-activate|) >
+
+ set nocp " 'compatible' is not set
+ filetype plugin on " plugins are enabled
+<
+(see |'cp'| and |:filetype-plugin-on|)
+
+Netrw supports "transparent" editing of files on other machines using urls
+(see |netrw-transparent|). As an example of this, let's assume you have an
+account on some other machine; try >
+
+ vim scp://hostname/path/to/file
+<
+if you have an ssh connection. Want to make ssh/scp easier to use? Check
+out |netrw-listhack|!
+
+What if you have ftp, not ssh/scp? That's easy, too; try >
+
+ vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
+<
+Want to make ftp simpler to use? See if your ftp supports a file called
+<.netrc> -- typically it goes in your home directory, has read/write
+permissions for only the user to read (ie. not group, world, other, etc),
+and has lines resembling >
+
+ machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
+ machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
+ ...
+ default login USERID password "PASSWORD"
+<
+How about browsing -- ie. you just want to look around before editing a
+file. For browsing on your current host, just "edit" a directory: >
+
+ vim .
+ vim /home/userid/path
+<
+For browsing on a remote host, "edit" a directory (but make sure that
+the directory name is followed by a "/"): >
+
+ vim scp://hostname/
+ vim ftp://hostname/path/to/dir/
+<
+See |netrw-browse| for more!
+
+There's more protocols supported than scp and ftp, too: see the next
+section, |netrw-externapp|.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Netrw Reference *netrw-ref*
+
+CONTROLLING EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS *netrw-externapp*
+
+ Protocol Variable Default Value
+ -------- ---------------- -------------
+ dav: *g:netrw_dav_cmd* = "cadaver"
+ fetch: *g:netrw_fetch_cmd* = "fetch -o" if fetch is available
+ ftp: *g:netrw_ftp_cmd* = "ftp"
+ http: *g:netrw_http_cmd* = "fetch -o" if fetch is available
+ http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "wget -q -O" If wget is available
+ rcp: *g:netrw_rcp_cmd* = "rcp"
+ rsync: *g:netrw_rsync_cmd* = "rsync -a"
+ scp: *g:netrw_scp_cmd* = "scp -q"
+ sftp: *g:netrw_sftp_cmd* = "sftp"
+
+READING *netrw-read* *netrw-nread*
+ :Nread ? give help
+ :Nread "machine:path" uses rcp
+ :Nread "machine path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
+ :Nread "machine id password path" uses ftp
+ :Nread "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver
+ :Nread "fetch://[user@]machine/path" uses fetch
+ :Nread "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
+ :Nread "http://[user@]machine/path" uses http uses wget
+ :Nread "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp
+ :Nread "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync
+ :Nread "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp
+ :Nread "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp
+
+WRITING *netrw-write* *netrw-nwrite*
+ :Nwrite ? give help
+ :Nwrite "machine:path" uses rcp
+ :Nwrite "machine path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
+ :Nwrite "machine id password path" uses ftp
+ :Nwrite "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver
+ :Nwrite "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
+ :Nwrite "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp
+ :Nwrite "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync
+ :Nwrite "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp
+ :Nwrite "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp
+ http: not supported!
+
+DIRECTORY LISTING *netrw-dirlist*
+ :Nread [protocol]://[user]@hostname/path/
+
+ CHANGING USERID AND PASSWORD *netrw-chgup*
+ Attempts to use ftp will prompt you for a user-id and a password.
+ These will be saved in g:netrw_uid and g:netrw_passwd Subsequent uses
+ of ftp will re-use those. If you need to use a different user id
+ and/or password, you'll want to call NetUserPass() first.
+
+ :NetUserPass [uid [password]] -- prompts as needed
+ :call NetUserPass() -- prompts for uid and password
+ :call NetUserPass("uid") -- prompts for password
+ :call NetUserPass("uid","password") -- sets global uid and password
+
+VARIABLES *netrw-variables*
+ *b:netrw_lastfile* last file Network-read/written retained on a per-buffer
+ basis (supports plain :Nw )
+
+ *s:netrw_line* during :Nw/NetWrite, holds current line number
+ *s:netrw_col* during :Nw/NetWrite, holds current column number
+ s:netrw_line and s:netrw_col are used to
+ restore the cursor position on writes
+
+ *g:netrw_ftp* if it doesn't exist, use default ftp
+ =0 use default ftp (uid password)
+ =1 use alternate ftp method (user uid password)
+ If you're having trouble with ftp, try changing the
+ value of this variable to see if the alternate ftp
+ method works for your setup.
+
+ *g:netrw_ftpmode* ="binary" (default)
+ ="ascii"
+
+ *g:netrw_ignorenetrc* =0 (default)
+ =1 If you have a <.netrc> file but it doesn't work and
+ you want it ignored, then set this variable as shown.
+
+ *g:netrw_uid* (ftp) user-id, retained on a per-session basis
+ *g:netrw_passwd* (ftp) password, retained on a per-session basis
+
+ *g:netrw_win95ftp* =1 if using Win95, will remove four trailing blank
+ lines that o/s's ftp "provides" on transfers
+ =0 force normal ftp behavior (no trailing line removal)
+
+ *g:netrw_cygwin* =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin. Also
+ permits network browsing to use ls with time and
+ size sorting (default if windows)
+ =0 assume Windows' scp accepts windows-style paths
+ Network browsing uses dir instead of ls
+ This option is ignored if you're using unix
+
+ *g:netrw_use_nt_rcp* =0 don't use the rcp of WinNT, Win2000 and WinXP
+ =1 use WinNT's rcp in binary mode (default)
+
+PATHS *netrw-path*
+
+Paths to files are generally user-directory relative for most protocols.
+It is possible that some protocol will make paths relative to some
+associated directory, however.
+>
+ example: vim scp://user@host/somefile
+ example: vim scp://user@host/subdir1/subdir2/somefile
+<
+where "somefile" is the "user"'s home directory. If you wish to get a
+file using root-relative paths, use the full path:
+>
+ example: vim scp://user@host//somefile
+ example: vim scp://user@host//subdir1/subdir2/somefile
+<
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Network-Oriented File Transfer *netrw-xfer*
+
+Network-oriented file transfer under Vim is implemented by a VimL-based script
+(<netrw.vim>) using plugin techniques. It currently supports both reading and
+writing across networks using rcp, scp, ftp or ftp+<.netrc>, scp, fetch,
+dav/cadaver, rsync, or sftp.
+
+http is currently supported read-only via use of wget or fetch.
+
+<netrw.vim> is a standard plugin which acts as glue between Vim and the
+various file transfer programs. It uses autocommand events (BufReadCmd,
+FileReadCmd, BufWriteCmd) to intercept reads/writes with url-like filenames. >
+
+ ex. vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
+<
+The characters preceding the colon specify the protocol to use; in the
+example, its ftp. The <netrw.vim> script then formulates a command or a
+series of commands (typically ftp) which it issues to an external program
+(ftp, scp, etc) which does the actual file transfer/protocol. Files are read
+from/written to a temporary file (under Unix/Linux, /tmp/...) which the
+<netrw.vim> script will clean up.
+
+ *netrw-putty* *netrw-pscp*
+One may modify any protocol's implementing external application by setting a
+variable (ex. scp uses the variable g:netrw_scp_cmd, which is defaulted to
+"scp -q"). As an example, consider using PuTTY: >
+ let g:netrw_scp_cmd= '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\pscp.exe" -q -batch'
+<
+Ftp, an old protocol, seems to be blessed by numerous implementations.
+Unfortunately, some implementations are noisy (ie., add junk to the end of the
+file). Thus, concerned users may decide to write a NetReadFixup() function
+that will clean up after reading with their ftp. Some Unix systems (ie.,
+FreeBSD) provide a utility called "fetch" which uses the ftp protocol but is
+not noisy and more convenient, actually, for <netrw.vim> to use.
+Consequently, if "fetch" is executable, it will be used to do reads for
+ftp://... (and http://...) . See |netrw-var| for more about this.
+
+For rcp, scp, sftp, and http, one may use network-oriented file transfers
+transparently; ie.
+>
+ vim rcp://[user@]machine/path
+ vim scp://[user@]machine/path
+<
+If your ftp supports <.netrc>, then it too can be just as transparently used
+if the needed triad of machine name, user id, and password are present in
+that file. Your ftp must be able to use the <.netrc> file on its own, however.
+>
+ vim ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]portnumber]/path
+<
+However, ftp will often need to query the user for the userid and password.
+The latter will be done "silently"; ie. asterisks will show up instead of
+the actually-typed-in password. Netrw will retain the userid and password
+for subsequent read/writes from the most recent transfer so subsequent
+transfers (read/write) to or from that machine will take place without
+additional prompting.
+
+ *netrw-urls*
+ +=================================+============================+============+
+ | Reading | Writing | Uses |
+ +=================================+============================+============+
+ | DAV: | | |
+ | dav://host/path | | cadaver |
+ | :Nread dav://host/path | :Nwrite dav://host/path | cadaver |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | FETCH: | | |
+ | fetch://[user@]host/path | | |
+ | fetch://[user@]host:http/path | Not Available | fetch |
+ | :Nread fetch://[user@]host/path| | |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | FILE: | | |
+ | file:///* | file:///* | |
+ | file://localhost/* | file://localhost/* | |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | FTP: (*3) | (*3) | |
+ | ftp://[user@]host/path | ftp://[user@]host/path | ftp (*2) |
+ | :Nread ftp://host/path | :Nwrite ftp://host/path | ftp+.netrc |
+ | :Nread host path | :Nwrite host path | ftp+.netrc |
+ | :Nread host uid pass path | :Nwrite host uid pass path | ftp |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | HTTP: wget is executable: (*4) | | |
+ | http://[user@]host/path | Not Available | wget |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | HTTP: fetch is executable (*4) | | |
+ | http://[user@]host/path | Not Available | fetch |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | RCP: | | |
+ | rcp://[user@]host/path | rcp://[user@]host/path | rcp |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | RSYNC: | | |
+ | rsync://[user@]host/path | rsync://[user@]host/path | rsync |
+ | :Nread rsync://host/path | :Nwrite rsync://host/path | rsync |
+ | :Nread rcp://host/path | :Nwrite rcp://host/path | rcp |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | SCP: | | |
+ | scp://[user@]host/path | scp://[user@]host/path | scp |
+ | :Nread scp://host/path | :Nwrite scp://host/path | scp (*1) |
+ +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
+ | SFTP: | | |
+ | sftp://[user@]host/path | sftp://[user@]host/path | sftp |
+ | :Nread sftp://host/path | :Nwrite sftp://host/path | sftp (*1) |
+ +=================================+============================+============+
+
+ (*1) For an absolute path use scp://machine//path.
+
+ (*2) if <.netrc> is present, it is assumed that it will
+ work with your ftp client. Otherwise the script will
+ prompt for user-id and pasword.
+
+ (*3) for ftp, "machine" may be machine#port or machine:port
+ if a different port is needed than the standard ftp port
+
+ (*4) for http:..., if wget is available it will be used. Otherwise,
+ if fetch is available it will be used.
+
+Both the :Nread and the :Nwrite ex-commands can accept multiple filenames.
+
+
+NETRC *netrw-netrc*
+
+The typical syntax for lines in a <.netrc> file is given as shown below.
+Ftp under Unix usually supports <.netrc>; ftp under Windows usually doesn't.
+>
+ machine {full machine name} login {user-id} password "{password}"
+ default login {user-id} password "{password}"
+
+Your ftp client must handle the use of <.netrc> on its own, but if the
+<.netrc> file exists, an ftp transfer will not ask for the user-id or
+password.
+
+ Note:
+ Since this file contains passwords, make very sure nobody else can
+ read this file! Most programs will refuse to use a .netrc that is
+ readable for others. Don't forget that the system administrator can
+ still read the file!
+
+
+PASSWORD *netrw-passwd*
+
+The script attempts to get passwords for ftp invisibly using |inputsecret()|,
+a built-in Vim function. See |netrw-uidpass| for how to change the password
+after one has set it.
+
+Unfortunately there doesn't appear to be a way for netrw to feed a password to
+scp. Thus every transfer via scp will require re-entry of the password.
+However, |netrw-listhack| can help with this problem.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Activation *netrw-activate*
+
+Network-oriented file transfers are available by default whenever Vim's
+|'nocompatible'| mode is enabled. The <netrw.vim> file resides in your
+system's vim-plugin directory and is sourced automatically whenever you bring
+up vim. I suggest that, at a minimum, you have at least the following in your
+<.vimrc> customization file: >
+
+ set nocp
+ if version >= 600
+ filetype plugin indent on
+ endif
+<
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Transparent File Transfer *netrw-transparent*
+
+Transparent file transfers occur whenever a regular file read or write
+(invoked via an |:autocmd| for |BufReadCmd| or |BufWriteCmd| events) is made.
+Thus one may use files across networks just as simply as if they were local. >
+
+ vim ftp://[user@]machine/path
+ ...
+ :wq
+
+See |netrw-activate| for more on how to encourage your vim to use plugins
+such as netrw.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Ex Commands *netrw-ex*
+
+The usual read/write commands are supported. There are also a few
+additional commands available. Often you won't need to use Nw or
+Nread as shown in |netrw-transparent| (ie. use :e url, :r url, :w url;
+see |netrw-urls|).
+
+:[range]Nw Write the specified lines to the current
+ file as specified in b:netrw_lastfile.
+
+:[range]Nw {netfile} [{netfile}]...
+ Write the specified lines to the {netfile}.
+
+:Nread Read the specified lines into the current
+ buffer from the file specified in
+ b:netrw_lastfile.
+
+:Nread {netfile} {netfile}...
+ Read the {netfile} after the current line.
+
+ *netrw-uidpass*
+:call NetUserPass()
+ If b:netrw_uid and b:netrw_passwd don't exist,
+ this function query the user for them.
+
+:call NetUserPass("userid")
+ This call will set the b:netrw_uid and, if
+ the password doesn't exist, will query the user for it.
+
+:call NetUserPass("userid","passwd")
+ This call will set both the b:netrw_uid and b:netrw_passwd.
+ The user-id and password are used by ftp transfers. One may
+ effectively remove the user-id and password by using ""
+ strings.
+
+:NetrwSettings This command is desribed in |netrw-settings| -- used to
+ display netrw settings and change netrw behavior.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+7. Variables and Options *netrw-options* *netrw-var*
+
+The script <netrw.vim> uses several variables which can affect <netrw.vim>'s
+behavior. These variables typically may be set in the user's <.vimrc> file:
+(also see |netrw-settings|) >
+
+ -------------
+ Netrw Options
+ -------------
+ Option Meaning
+ -------------- -----------------------------------------------
+<
+ b:netrw_col Holds current cursor position (during NetWrite)
+ g:netrw_cygwin =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin
+ (default/windows)
+ =0 assume scp under windows accepts windows
+ style paths (default/else)
+ g:netrw_ftp =0 use default ftp (uid password)
+ g:netrw_ftpmode ="binary" (default)
+ ="ascii" (your choice)
+ g:netrw_ignorenetrc =1 (default)
+ if you have a <.netrc> file but you don't
+ want it used, then set this variable. Its
+ mere existence is enough to cause <.netrc>
+ to be ignored.
+ b:netrw_lastfile Holds latest method/machine/path.
+ b:netrw_line Holds current line number (during NetWrite)
+ g:netrw_passwd Holds current password for ftp.
+ g:netrw_silent =0 transfers done normally
+ =1 transfers done silently
+ g:netrw_uid Holds current user-id for ftp.
+ =1 use alternate ftp (user uid password)
+ (see |netrw-options|)
+ g:netrw_use_nt_rcp =0 don't use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp (default)
+ =1 use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp, binary mode
+ g:netrw_win95ftp =0 use unix-style ftp even if win95/98/ME/etc
+ =1 use default method to do ftp >
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+<
+The script will also make use of the following variables internally, albeit
+temporarily.
+>
+ -------------------
+ Temporary Variables
+ -------------------
+ Variable Meaning
+ -------- ------------------------------------
+<
+ g:netrw_method Index indicating rcp/ftp+.netrc/ftp
+ g:netrw_machine Holds machine name parsed from input
+ g:netrw_fname Holds filename being accessed >
+ ------------------------------------------------------------
+<
+ *netrw-protocol*
+
+Netrw supports a number of protocols. These protocols are invoked using the
+variables listed below, and may be modified by the user.
+>
+ ------------------------
+ Protocol Control Options
+ ------------------------
+ Option Type Setting Meaning
+ --------- -------- -------------- ---------------------------
+<
+ netrw_ftp variable =doesn't exist userid set by "user userid"
+ =0 userid set by "user userid"
+ =1 userid set by "userid"
+ NetReadFixup function =doesn't exist no change
+ =exists Allows user to have files
+ read via ftp automatically
+ transformed however they wish
+ by NetReadFixup()
+ g:netrw_dav_cmd variable ="cadaver"
+ g:netrw_fetch_cmd variable ="fetch -o" if fetch is available
+ g:netrw_ftp_cmd variable ="ftp"
+ g:netrw_http_cmd variable ="fetch -o" if fetch is available
+ g:netrw_http_cmd variable ="wget -O" else if wget is available
+ g:netrw_list_cmd variable ="ssh HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
+ g:netrw_rcp_cmd variable ="rcp"
+ g:netrw_rsync_cmd variable ="rsync -a"
+ g:netrw_scp_cmd variable ="scp -q"
+ g:netrw_sftp_cmd variable ="sftp" >
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+<
+ *netrw-ftp*
+The first two options (netrw_ftp and NetReadFixup) both help with certain
+ftp's that give trouble otherwise. In order to best understand how to use
+these options if ftp is giving you troubles, a bit of discussion follows on
+how netrw does ftp reads.
+
+The g:netrw_..._cmd variables specify the external program to use handle the
+associated protocol (rcp, ftp, etc), plus any options.
+
+The g:netrw_list_cmd's HOSTNAME entry will be changed via substitution with
+whatever the current request is for a hostname.
+
+For ftp, netrw typically builds up lines of one of the following formats in a
+temporary file:
+>
+ IF g:netrw_ftp !exists or is not 1 IF g:netrw_ftp exists and is 1
+ ---------------------------------- ------------------------------
+<
+ open machine [port] open machine [port]
+ user userid password userid password
+ [g:netrw_ftpmode] password
+ get filename tempfile [g:netrw_ftpmode]
+ get filename tempfile >
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+<
+Netrw then executes the lines above by use of a filter:
+>
+ :%! {g:netrw_ftp_cmd} -i [-n]
+<
+
+where
+ g:netrw_ftp_cmd is usually "ftp",
+ -i tells ftp not to be interactive
+ -n means don't use netrc and is used for Method #3 (ftp w/o <.netrc>)
+
+If <.netrc> exists it will be used to avoid having to query the user for
+userid and password. The transferred file is put into a temporary file.
+The temporary file is then read into the main editing session window that
+requested it and the temporary file deleted.
+
+If your ftp doesn't accept the "user" command and immediately just demands a
+userid, then try putting "let netrw_ftp=1" in your <.vimrc>.
+
+ *netrw-cadaver*
+To handle the SSL certificate dialog for untrusted servers, one may pull
+down the certificate and place it into /usr/ssl/cert.pem. This operation
+renders the server treatment as "trusted".
+
+ *netrw-fixup* *netreadfixup*
+If your ftp for whatever reason generates unwanted lines (such as AUTH
+messages) you may write a NetReadFixup(tmpfile) function:
+>
+ function! NetReadFixup(method,line1,line2)
+ " a:line1: first new line in current file
+ " a:line2: last new line in current file
+ if a:method == 1 "rcp
+ elseif a:method == 2 "ftp + <.netrc>
+ elseif a:method == 3 "ftp + machine,uid,password,filename
+ elseif a:method == 4 "scp
+ elseif a:method == 5 "http/wget
+ elseif a:method == 6 "dav/cadaver
+ elseif a:method == 7 "rsync
+ elseif a:method == 8 "fetch
+ elseif a:method == 9 "sftp
+ else " complain
+ endif
+ endfunction
+>
+The NetReadFixup() function will be called if it exists and thus allows you to
+customize your reading process. As a further example, <netrw.vim> contains
+just such a function to handle Windows 95 ftp. For whatever reason, Windows
+95's ftp dumps four blank lines at the end of a transfer, and so it is
+desirable to automate their removal. Here's some code taken from <netrw.vim>
+itself:
+>
+ if has("win95") && g:netrw_win95ftp
+ fun! NetReadFixup(method, line1, line2)
+ if method == 3 " ftp (no <.netrc>)
+ let fourblanklines= line2 - 3
+ silent fourblanklines.",".line2."g/^\s*/d"
+ endif
+ endfunction
+ endif
+>
+
+==============================================================================
+8. Directory Browsing *netrw-browse* *netrw-dir* *netrw-list* *netrw-help*
+
+MAPS *netrw-maps*
+ <F1>.............Help.......................................|netrw-help|
+ <cr>.............Browsing...................................|netrw-cr|
+ <del>............Deleting Files or Directories..............|netrw-delete|
+ -................Going Up...................................|netrw--|
+ a................Hiding Files or Directories................|netrw-a|
+ b................Bookmarking a Directory....................|netrw-b|
+ B................Changing to a Bookmarked Directory.........|netrw-B|
+ c................Make Browsing Directory The Current Dir....|netrw-c|
+ d................Make A New Directory.......................|netrw-d|
+ D................Deleting Files or Directories..............|netrw-D|
+ <c-h>............Edit File/Directory Hiding List............|netrw-ctrl-h|
+ i................Long Listing...............................|netrw-i|
+ <c-l>............Refreshing the Listing.....................|netrw-ctrl-l|
+ o................Browsing with a Horizontal Split...........|netrw-o|
+ p................Preview Window.............................|netrw-p|
+ q................Listing Bookmarks and History..............|netrw-q|
+ r................Reversing Sorting Order....................|netrw-r|
+ R................Renaming Files or Directories..............|netrw-R|
+ s................Selecting Sorting Style....................|netrw-s|
+ S................Editing the Sorting Sequence...............|netrw-S|
+ u................Changing to a Predecessor Directory........|netrw-u|
+ U................Changing to a Successor Directory..........|netrw-U|
+ v................Browsing with a Vertical Split.............|netrw-v|
+ x................Customizing Browsing.......................|netrw-x|
+
+ COMMANDS *netrw-explore-cmds*
+ :Explore[!] [dir] Explore directory of current file........|netrw-explore|
+ :Sexplore[!] [dir] Split & Explore directory ...............|netrw-explore|
+ :Hexplore[!] [dir] Horizontal Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
+ :Vexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore.................|netrw-explore|
+ :Pexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore.................|netrw-explore|
+ :Nexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore.................|netrw-explore|
+ :NetrwSettings.............................................|netrw-settings|
+
+QUICK REFERENCE COMMANDS TABLE *netrw-browse-cmds*
+>
+ ------- -----------
+ Command Explanation
+ ------- -----------
+< <F1> Causes Netrw to issue help
+ <cr> Netrw will enter the directory or read the file |netrw-cr|
+ <del> Netrw will attempt to remove the file/directory |netrw-del|
+ - Makes Netrw go up one directory |netrw--|
+ a Toggles between normal display, |netrw-a|
+ hiding (suppress display of files matching g:netrw_list_hide)
+ showing (display only files which match g:netrw_list_hide)
+ b bookmark current directory; use Nb if compact listing
+ in use |netrw-b|
+ B go to previous bookmarked directory; use Nb if compact
+ listing is in use |netrw-B|
+ c Make current browsing directory the current directory |netrw-c|
+ d Make a directory |netrw-d|
+ D Netrw will attempt to remove the file(s)/directory(ies) |netrw-D|
+ <c-h> Edit file hiding list |netrw-ctrl-h|
+ i Toggles between long and short listing |netrw-i|
+ <c-l> Causes Netrw to refresh the directory listing |netrw-ctrl-l|
+ Nb Same as b, but always available |netrw-Nb|
+ NB Same as B, but always available |netrw-NB|
+ o Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new browser
+ window. A horizontal split is used. |netrw-o|
+ O Obtain a file specified by cursor |netrw-O|
+ p Preview the file |netrw-p|
+ P Browse in the previously used window |netrw-P|
+ r Reverse sorting order |netrw-r|
+ R Rename the designed file(s)/directory(ies) |netrw-R|
+ s Select sorting style: by name, time, or file size |netrw-s|
+ S Specify suffix priority for name-sorting |netrw-S|
+ u Change to recently-visited directory |netrw-u|
+ U Change to subsequently-visited directory |netrw-U|
+ v Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new browser
+ window. A vertical split is used. |netrw-v|
+ x Apply a function to a file. (special browsers) |netrw-x|
+
+NETRW BROWSER VARIABLES *netrw-browse-var*
+>
+ --- -----------
+ Var Explanation
+ --- -----------
+< *g:netrw_alto* change from above splitting to below splitting
+ by setting this variable (see |netrw-o|)
+ default: =0
+
+ *g:netrw_altv* change from left splitting to right splitting
+ by setting this variable (see |netrw-v|)
+ default: =0
+
+ *g:netrw_browse_split* when browsing, <cr> will open the file by:
+ =0: re-using the same window
+ =1: horizontally splitting the window first
+ =2: vertically splitting the window first
+
+ *g:netrw_browsex_viewer* specify user's preference for a viewer: >
+ "kfmclient exec"
+ "gnome-open"
+< If >
+ "-"
+< is used, then netrwFileHandler() will look for
+ a script/function to handle the given
+ extension. (see |netrw_filehandler|).
+
+ *g:netrw_fastbrowse* =0: slow speed browsing, never re-use
+ directory listings; always obtain
+ directory listings.
+ =1: medium speed browsing, re-use directory
+ listings only when remote browsing.
+ (default value)
+ =2: fast browsing, only obtains directory
+ listings when the directory hasn't been
+ seen before (or |netrw-ctrl-l| is used).
+ Fast browsing retains old directory listing
+ buffers so that they don't need to be
+ re-acquired. This feature is especially
+ important for remote browsing. However, if
+ a file is introduced or deleted into or from
+ such directories, the old directory buffer
+ becomes out-of-date. One may always refresh
+ such a directory listing with |netrw-ctrl-l|.
+ This option gives the choice of the trade-off
+ between accuracy and speed to the user.
+
+ *g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject* ftp can produce a number of errors and warnings
+ that can show up as "directories" and "files"
+ in the listing. This pattern is used to
+ remove such embedded messages. By default its
+ value is:
+ '^total\s\+\d\+$\|
+ ^Trying\s\+\d\+.*$\|
+ ^KERBEROS_V\d rejected\|
+ ^Security extensions not\|
+ No such file\|
+ : connect to address [0-9a-fA-F:]*
+ : No route to host$'
+
+ *g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory
+ listing. Defaults:
+ unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -lF"
+ otherwise "dir"
+
+ *g:netrw_hide* if true, the hiding list is used
+ default: =0
+
+ *g:netrw_keepdir* =1 (default) keep current directory immune from
+ the browsing directory.
+ =0 keep the current directory the same as the
+ browsing directory.
+ The current browsing directory is contained in
+ b:netrw_curdir (also see |netrw-c|)
+
+ *g:netrw_list_cmd* command for listing remote directories
+ default: (if ssh is executable)
+ "ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa"
+
+ *g:netrw_longlist* if =1, then long listing will be default
+
+ *g:netrw_list_hide* comma separated pattern list for hiding files
+ default: ""
+
+ *g:netrw_local_mkdir* command for making a local directory
+ default: "mkdir"
+
+ *g:netrw_local_rmdir* remove directory command (rmdir)
+ default: "rmdir"
+
+ *g:netrw_maxfilenamelen* =32 by default, selected so as to make long
+ listings fit on 80 column displays.
+ If your screen is wider, and you have file
+ or directory names longer than 32 bytes,
+ you may set this option to keep listings
+ columnar.
+
+ *g:netrw_mkdir_cmd* command for making a remote directory
+ default: "ssh HOSTNAME mkdir"
+
+ *g:netrw_rm_cmd* command for removing files
+ default: "ssh HOSTNAME rm"
+
+ *g:netrw_rmdir_cmd* command for removing directories
+ default: "ssh HOSTNAME rmdir"
+
+ *g:netrw_rmf_cmd* command for removing softlinks
+ default: "ssh HOSTNAME rm -f"
+
+ *g:netrw_sort_by* sort by "name", "time", or "size"
+ default: "name"
+
+ *g:netrw_sort_direction* sorting direction: "normal" or "reverse"
+ default: "normal"
+
+ *g:netrw_sort_sequence* when sorting by name, first sort by the
+ comma-separated pattern sequence
+ default: '[\/]$,*,\.bak$,\.o$,\.h$,
+ \.info$,\.swp$,\.obj$'
+
+ *g:netrw_ssh_cmd* One may specify an executable command
+ to use instead of ssh for remote actions
+ such as listing, file removal, etc.
+ default: ssh
+
+ *g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject* ssh can sometimes produce unwanted lines,
+ messages, banners, and whatnot that one doesn't
+ want masquerading as "directories" and "files".
+ Use this pattern to remove such embedded
+ messages. By default its value is:
+ '^total\s\+\d\+$'
+
+ *g:netrw_timefmt* specify format string to strftime() (%c)
+ default: "%c"
+
+ *g:netrw_winsize* specify initial size of new o/v windows
+ default: ""
+
+ *g:NetrwTopLvlMenu* This variable specifies the top level
+ menu name; by default, its "Netrw.". If
+ you wish to change this, do so in your
+ .vimrc.
+
+INTRODUCTION TO DIRECTORY BROWSING *netrw-browse-intro*
+
+Netrw supports the browsing of directories on the local system and on remote
+hosts, including listing files and directories, entering directories, editing
+files therein, deleting files/directories, making new directories, and moving
+(renaming) files and directories. The Netrw browser generally implements the
+previous explorer maps and commands for remote directories, although details
+(such as pertinent global variable names) necessarily differ.
+
+The Netrw remote file and directory browser handles two protocols: ssh and
+ftp. The protocol in the url, if it is ftp, will cause netrw to use ftp
+in its remote browsing. Any other protocol will be used for file transfers,
+but otherwise the ssh protocol will be used to do remote directory browsing.
+
+To use Netrw's remote directory browser, simply attempt to read a "file" with a
+trailing slash and it will be interpreted as a request to list a directory:
+
+ vim [protocol]://[user@]hostname/path/
+
+For local directories, the trailing slash is not required.
+
+If you'd like to avoid entering the password in for remote directory listings
+with ssh or scp, see |netrw-listhack|.
+
+
+NETRW BROWSING AND OPTION INCOMPATIBILITIES *netrw-incompatible*
+
+Netrw will not work properly with >
+
+ :set acd
+ :set fo=...ta...
+<
+If either of these options are present when browsing is attempted, netrw
+will change them by using noacd and removing the ta suboptions from the
+|'formatoptions'|.
+
+ *netrw-explore* *netrw-pexplore*
+ *netrw-hexplore* *netrw-sexplore*
+DIRECTORY EXPLORING COMMANDS *netrw-nexplore* *netrw-vexplore*
+
+ :Explore[!] [dir]... Explore directory of current file *:Explore*
+ :Sexplore[!] [dir]... Split&Explore directory of current file *:Sexplore*
+ :Hexplore[!] [dir]... Horizontal Split & Explore *:Hexplore*
+ :Vexplore[!] [dir]... Vertical Split & Explore *:Vexplore*
+
+ Used with :Explore **/pattern :
+ :Nexplore............. go to next matching file *:Nexplore*
+ :Pexplore............. go to previous matching file *:Pexplore*
+
+:Explore will open the local-directory browser on the current file's
+ directory (or on directory [dir] if specified). The window will be
+ split only if the file has been modified, otherwise the browsing
+ window will take over that window. Normally the splitting is taken
+ horizontally.
+:Explore! is like :Explore, but will use vertical splitting.
+:Sexplore will always split the window before invoking the local-directory
+ browser. As with Explore, the splitting is normally done
+ horizontally.
+:Sexplore! [dir] is like :Sexplore, but the splitting will be done vertically.
+:Hexplore [dir] does an :Explore with |:belowright| horizontal splitting.
+:Hexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:aboveleft| horizontal splitting.
+:Vexplore [dir] does an :Explore with |:leftabove| vertical splitting.
+:Vexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:rightbelow| vertical splitting.
+
+By default, these commands use the current file's directory. However, one
+may explicitly provide a directory (path) to use.
+
+ *netrw-starstar*
+When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with a **/filepat,
+such as:
+>
+ :Explore **/filename_pattern
+<
+netrw will attempt to find a file in the current directory or any subdirectory
+which matches the filename pattern. Internally, it produces a list of files
+which match the pattern and their paths; to that extent it resembles the Unix
+operation:
+>
+ find $(pwd) -name "$1" -exec "echo" "{}" ";" 2> /dev/null
+<
+The directory display is updated to show the subdirectory containing a
+matching file. One may then proceed to the next (or previous) matching files'
+directories by using Nexplore or Pexplore, respectively. If your console or
+gui produces recognizable shift-up or shift-down sequences, then you'll likely
+find using shift-downarrow and shift-uparrow convenient. They're mapped by
+netrw:
+
+ <s-down> == Nexplore, and
+ <s-up> == Pexplore.
+
+As an example, consider
+>
+ :Explore **/*.c
+ :Nexplore
+ :Nexplore
+ :Pexplore
+<
+The status line will show, on the right hand side of the status line, a
+message like "Match 3 of 20".
+
+ *netrw-starpat*
+When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with a */pattern,
+such as:
+>
+ :Explore */pattern
+<
+netrw will use |:vimgrep| to find files which contain the given pattern.
+Like what happens with |netrw-starstar|, a list of files which contain
+matches to the given pattern is generated. The cursor will then jump
+to the first file with the given pattern; |:Nexplore|, |:Pexplore|, and
+the shifted-down and -up arrows work with the list to move to the next
+or previous files in that list.
+
+ *netrw-starstarpat*
+When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with a **//pattern,
+such as:
+>
+ :Explore **//pattern
+<
+then Explore will use |:vimgrep| to find files like |netrw-starpat|;
+however, Explore will also search subdirectories as well as the current
+directory.
+
+
+REFRESHING THE LISTING *netrw-ctrl-l*
+
+To refresh either a local or remote directory listing, press ctrl-l (<c-l>) or
+hit the <cr> when atop the ./ directory entry in the listing. One may also
+refresh a local directory by using ":e .".
+
+
+GOING UP *netrw--*
+
+To go up a directory, press "-" or press the <cr> when atop the ../ directory
+entry in the listing.
+
+Netrw will use the command in |g:netrw_list_cmd| to perform the directory
+listing operation after changing HOSTNAME to the host specified by the
+user-provided url. By default netrw provides the command as:
+
+ ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa
+
+where the HOSTNAME becomes the [user@]hostname as requested by the attempt to
+read. Naturally, the user may override this command with whatever is
+preferred. The NetList function which implements remote directory browsing
+expects that directories will be flagged by a trailing slash.
+
+
+BROWSING *netrw-cr*
+
+Browsing is simple: move the cursor onto a file or directory of interest.
+Hitting the <cr> (the return key) will select the file or directory.
+Directories will themselves be listed, and files will be opened using the
+protocol given in the original read request.
+
+ CAVEAT: There are three forms of listing (see |netrw-i|). Netrw assumes
+ that two or more spaces delimit filenames and directory names for the long
+ and wide listing formats. Thus, if your filename or directory name has two
+ or more spaces embedded in it, or any trailing spaces, then you'll need to
+ use the "thin" format to select it.
+
+The |g:netrw_browse_split| option, which is zero by default, may be used to
+cause the opening of files to be done in a new window. The splitting will
+be done horizontally if the option is one and vertically if the option is
+two.
+
+
+OBTAINING A FILE *netrw-O*
+
+When browsing a remote directory, one may obtain a file under the cursor (ie.
+get a copy on your local machine, but not edit it) by pressing the O key.
+Only ftp and scp are supported for this operation (but since these two are
+available for browsing, that shouldn't be a problem). The status bar
+will then show, on its right hand side, a message like "Obtaining filename".
+The statusline will be restored after the transfer is complete.
+
+Netrw can also "obtain" a file using the local browser. Netrw's display
+of a directory is not necessarily the same as Vim's "current directory",
+unless |g:netrw_keepdir| is set to 0 in the user's <.vimrc>. One may select
+a file using the local browser (by putting the cursor on it) and pressing
+"O" will then "obtain" the file; ie. copy it to Vim's current directory.
+
+Related topics:
+ * To see what the current directory is, use |:pwd|
+ * To make the currently browsed directory the current directory, see |netrw-c|
+ * To automatically make the currently browsed directory the current
+ directory, see |g:netrw_keepdir|.
+
+
+THIN, LONG, AND WIDE LISTINGS *netrw-i*
+
+The "i" map cycles between the thin, long, and wide listing formats.
+
+The short listing format gives just the files' and directories' names.
+
+The long listing is either based on the "ls" command via ssh for remote
+directories or displays the filename, file size (in bytes), and the time and
+date of last modification for local directories. With the long listing
+format, netrw is not able to recognize filenames which have trailing spaces.
+Use the thin listing format for such files.
+
+The wide listing format has a multi-column display of the various files in the
+netrw current directory, rather like the Unix "ls" presents. In this mode the
+"b" and "B" maps are not available; instead, use Nb (|netrw-Nb|) and NB
+(|netrw-NB|). The wide listing format uses two or more contiguous spaces to
+delineate filenames; when using that format, netrw won't be able to recognize
+or use filenames which have two or more contiguous spaces embedded in the name
+or any trailing spaces. The thin listing format will, however, work with such
+files.
+
+
+MAKING A NEW DIRECTORY *netrw-d*
+
+With the "d" map one may make a new directory either remotely (which depends
+on the global variable g:netrw_mkdir_cmd) or locally (which depends on the
+global variable g:netrw_local_mkdir). Netrw will issue a request for the new
+directory's name. A bare <CR> at that point will abort the making of the
+directory. Attempts to make a local directory that already exists (as either
+a file or a directory) will be detected, reported on, and ignored.
+
+
+DELETING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-delete* *netrw-D* *netrw-del*
+
+Deleting/removing files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
+file/directory to be deleted and pressing "D". Directories must be empty
+first before they can be successfully removed. If the directory is a softlink
+to a directory, then netrw will make two requests to remove the directory
+before succeeding. Netrw will ask for confirmation before doing the
+removal(s). You may select a range of lines with the "V" command (visual
+selection), and then pressing "D".
+
+The g:netrw_rm_cmd, g:netrw_rmf_cmd, and g:netrw_rmdir_cmd variables are used
+to control the attempts to remove files and directories. The g:netrw_rm_cmd
+is used with files, and its default value is:
+
+ g:netrw_rm_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm
+
+The g:netrw_rmdir_cmd variable is used to support the removal of directories.
+Its default value is:
+
+ g:netrw_rmdir_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rmdir
+
+If removing a directory fails with g:netrw_rmdir_cmd, netrw then will attempt
+to remove it again using the g:netrw_rmf_cmd variable. Its default value is:
+
+ g:netrw_rmf_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm -f
+
+
+RENAMING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-move* *netrw-rename* *netrw-R*
+
+Renaming/moving files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
+file/directory to be moved (renamed) and pressing "R". You will then be
+queried for where you want the file/directory to be moved. You may select a
+range of lines with the "V" command (visual selection), and then pressing "R".
+
+The g:netrw_rename_cmd variable is used to implement renaming. By default its
+value is:
+
+ ssh HOSTNAME mv
+
+One may rename a block of files and directories by selecting them with
+the V (|linewise-visual|).
+
+
+HIDING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-a*
+
+Netrw's browsing facility allows one to use the hiding list in one of three
+ways: ignore it, hide files which match, and show only those files which
+match. The "a" map allows the user to cycle about these three ways.
+
+The g:netrw_list_hide variable holds a comma delimited list of patterns (ex.
+\.obj) which specify the hiding list. (also see |netrw-ctrl-h|) To set the hiding
+list, use the <c-h> map. As an example, to hide files which begin with a ".",
+one may use the <c-h> map to set the hiding list to '^\..*' (or one may put
+let g:netrw_list_hide= '^\..*' in one's <.vimrc>). One may then use the "a"
+key to show all files, hide matching files, or to show only the matching
+files.
+
+
+EDIT FILE OR DIRECTORY HIDING LIST *netrw-ctrl-h* *netrw-edithide*
+
+The "<ctrl-h>" map brings up a requestor allowing the user to change the
+file/directory hiding list. The hiding list consists of one or more patterns
+delimited by commas. Files and/or directories satisfying these patterns will
+either be hidden (ie. not shown) or be the only ones displayed (see
+|netrw-a|).
+
+
+BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-o* *netrw-horiz*
+
+Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "o" map
+allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file. A
+horizontal split is used. (for vertical splitting, see |netrw-v|)
+
+Normally, the o key splits the window horizontally with the new window and
+cursor at the top. To change to splitting the window horizontally with the
+new window and cursor at the bottom, have
+
+ let g:netrw_alto = 1
+
+in your <.vimrc>.
+
+
+PREVIEW WINDOW *netrw-p* *netrw-preview*
+
+One may use a preview window (currently only for local browsing) by using the
+"p" key when the cursor is atop the desired filename to be previewed.
+
+
+PREVIOUS WINDOW *netrw-P* *netrw-prvwin*
+
+To edit a file or directory in the previously used window (see :he |CTRL-W_P|),
+press a "P". If there's only one window, then the one window will be
+horizontally split (above/below splitting is controlled by |g:netrw_alto|,
+and its initial size is controlled by |g:netrw_winsize|).
+
+If there's more than one window, the previous window will be re-used on
+the selected file/directory. If the previous window's associated buffer
+has been modified, and there's only one window with that buffer, then
+the user will be asked if s/he wishes to save the buffer first (yes,
+no, or cancel).
+
+
+SELECTING SORTING STYLE *netrw-s* *netrw-sort*
+
+One may select the sorting style by name, time, or (file) size. The "s" map
+allows one to circulate amongst the three choices; the directory listing will
+automatically be refreshed to reflect the selected style.
+
+
+EDITING THE SORTING SEQUENCE *netrw-S* *netrw-sortsequence*
+
+When "Sorted by" is name, one may specify priority via the sorting sequence
+(g:netrw_sort_sequence). The sorting sequence typically prioritizes the
+name-listing by suffix, although any pattern will do. Patterns are delimited
+by commas. The default sorting sequence is:
+>
+ [\/]$,*,\.bak$,\.o$,\.h$,\.info$,\.swp$,\.obj$
+<
+The lone * is where all filenames not covered by one of the other patterns
+will end up. One may change the sorting sequence by modifying the
+g:netrw_sort_sequence variable (either manually or in your <.vimrc>) or by
+using the "S" map.
+
+
+REVERSING SORTING ORDER *netrw-r* *netrw-reverse*
+
+One may toggle between normal and reverse sorting order by pressing the
+"r" key.
+
+
+CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-u* *netrw-updir*
+
+Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session),
+netrw will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history
+list (unless g:netrw_dirhistmax is zero; by default, its ten). With the
+"u" map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor). To do
+the opposite, see |netrw-U|.
+
+
+CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-U* *netrw-downdir*
+
+With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor).
+This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|) Use the
+q map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-q|)
+
+
+BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-v*
+
+Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "v" map
+allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file. A
+vertical split is used. (for horizontal splitting, see |netrw-o|)
+
+Normally, the v key splits the window vertically with the new window and
+cursor at the left. To change to splitting the window vertically with the new
+window and cursor at the right, have
+
+ let g:netrw_altv = 1
+
+in your <.vimrc>.
+
+
+CUSTOMIZING BROWSING WITH A USER FUNCTION *netrw-x* *netrw-handler* *gx*
+
+Certain files, such as html, gif, jpeg, (word/office) doc, etc, files, are
+best seen with a special handler (ie. a tool provided with your computer).
+Netrw allows one to invoke such special handlers by: >
+
+ * when Exploring, hit the "x" key
+ * when editing, hit gx with the cursor atop the special filename
+<
+Netrw determines which special handler by the following method:
+
+ * if |g:netrw_browsex_viewer| exists, then it will be used to attempt to
+ view files. Examples of useful settings (place into your <.vimrc>): >
+
+ :let g:netrw_browsex_viewer= "kfmclient exec"
+< or >
+ :let g:netrw_browsex_viewer= "gnome-open"
+<
+ If g:netrw_browsex_viewer == '-', then netrwFileHandler() will be
+ invoked first (see |netrw_filehandler|).
+
+ * for Windows 32 or 64, the url and FileProtocolHandler dlls are used.
+ * for Gnome (with gnome-open): gnome-open is used.
+ * for KDE (with kfmclient): kfmclient is used.
+ * otherwise the netrwFileHandler plugin is used.
+
+The file's suffix is used by these various approaches to determine an
+appropriate application to use to "handle" these files. Such things as
+OpenOffice (*.sfx), visualization (*.jpg, *.gif, etc), and PostScript (*.ps,
+*.eps) can be handled.
+
+ *netrw_filehandler*
+The netrwFileHandler applies a user-defined function to a file, based on its
+extension. Of course, the handler function must exist for it to be called!
+>
+ Ex. mypgm.html x ->
+ netrwFileHandler_html("scp://user@host/some/path/mypgm.html")
+<
+See the <plugin/netrwFileHandlers.vim> for an example of how to handle an html
+file with mozilla.
+
+One may write custom netrwFileHandlers; please look at the >
+
+ plugin/netrwFileHandlers.vim
+
+script for examples. If its likely to be generally useful, please feel free
+to forward a copy to me for future inclusion in the distribution.
+
+
+MAKING THE BROWSING DIRECTORY THE CURRENT DIRECTORY *netrw-c* *netrw-curdir*
+
+By default, |g:netrw_keepdir| is 1. This setting means that the current
+directory will not track the browsing directory. However, setting
+g:netrw_keepdir to 0 (say, in your <.vimrc>) will tell netrw to make the
+currently browsed directory also be the current directory.
+
+However, with the default setting for g:netrw_keepdir of 1 where netrw
+maintains its own separate notion of the current directory, in order to make
+the two directories the same, use the "c" map (just type c). That map will
+set Vim's notion of the current directory to the netrw's current browsing
+directory.
+
+
+BOOKMARKING A DIRECTORY *netrw-b* *netrw-bookmark* *netrw-bookmarks*
+ *netrw-Nb*
+One may easily "bookmark" a directory by using >
+
+ {cnt}b
+<
+Any count may be used. One may use viminfo's "!" option to retain bookmarks
+between vim sessions. See |netrw-B| for how to return to a bookmark and
+|netrw-q| for how to list them.
+
+When wide listing is in use (see |netrw-i|), then the b map is not available;
+instead, use {cnt}Nb.
+
+
+CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY *netrw-NB* *netrw-B*
+
+To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use
+
+ {cnt}B
+
+Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks. See |netrw-b| on
+how to bookmark a directory and |netrw-q| on how to list bookmarks.
+
+When wide listing is in use (see |netrw-i|), then the B map is not available;
+instead, use {cnt}NB.
+
+
+LISTING BOOKMARKS AND HISTORY *netrw-q* *netrw-listbookmark*
+
+Pressing "q" will list the bookmarked directories and directory traversal
+history (query). (see |netrw-b|, |netrw-B|, |netrw-u|, and |netrw-U|)
+
+
+IMPROVING DIRECTORY BROWSING *netrw-listhack*
+
+Especially with the remote directory browser, constantly entering the password
+is tedious.
+
+For Linux/Unix systems, I suggest looking into
+
+ http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/66
+
+It gives a tip for setting up password-less use of ssh and scp, and discusses
+the associated security issues.
+
+For Windows, the vim mailing list has mentioned that Pageant helps with
+avoiding the constant need to enter the password.
+
+
+NETRW SETTINGS *netrw-settings*
+
+With the NetrwSettings.vim plugin, >
+ :NetrwSettings
+will bring up a window with the many variables that netrw uses for its
+settings. You may change any of their values; when you save the file, the
+settings therein will be used. One may also press "?" on any of the lines for
+help on what each of the variables do.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+9. Problems and Fixes *netrw-problems*
+
+ (This section is likely to grow as I get feedback)
+ (also see |netrw-debug|)
+ *netrw-p1*
+ P1. I use windows 95, and my ftp dumps four blank lines at the
+ end of every read.
+
+ See |netrw-fixup|, and put the following into your
+ <.vimrc> file:
+
+ let g:netrw_win95ftp= 1
+
+ *netrw-p2*
+ P2. I use windows, and my network browsing with ftp doesn't sort by
+ time or size
+
+ Windows' ftp has a minimal support for ls (ie. it doesn't
+ accept sorting options). It doesn't support the -F which
+ gives an explanatory character (ABC/ for "ABC is a directory").
+ Netrw uses dir to get its short and long listings. If you
+ think your ftp does support a full-up ls, put the following
+ into your <.vimrc>:
+
+ let g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd= "ls -lF"
+
+ Alternatively, if you have cygwin on your Windows box, put
+ into your <.vimrc>:
+
+ let g:netrw_cygwin= 1
+
+ *netrw-p3*
+ P3. I tried rcp://user@host/ (or protocol other than ftp) and netrw
+ used ssh! That wasn't what I asked for...
+
+ Netrw has two methods for browsing remote directories: ssh
+ and ftp. Unless you specify ftp specifically, ssh is used.
+ When it comes time to do download a file (not just a directory
+ listing), netrw will use the given protocol to do so.
+
+ *netrw-p4*
+ P4. I would like long listings to be the default.
+
+ let g:netrw_longlist=1
+
+ Check out |netrw-browse-var| for more customizations that
+ you can set.
+
+ *netrw-p5*
+ P5. My times come up oddly in local browsing
+
+ Does your system's strftime() accept the "%c" to yield dates
+ such as "Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997"? If not, do a "man strftime"
+ and find out what option should be used. Then put it into
+ your <.vimrc>:
+ let g:netrw_timefmt= "%X" (where X is the option)
+
+ *netrw-p6*
+ P6. I want my current directory to track my browsing.
+ How do I do that?
+
+ let g:netrw_keepdir= 0
+
+
+==============================================================================
+10. Debugging *netrw-debug*
+
+The <netrw.vim> script is typically available as:
+>
+ /usr/local/share/vim/vim6x/plugin/netrw.vim
+< -or- >
+ /usr/local/share/vim/vim7x/plugin/netrw.vim
+<
+which is loaded automatically at startup (assuming :set nocp).
+
+ 1. Get the <Decho.vim> script, available as:
+
+ http://mysite.verizon.net/astronaut/vim/index.html#vimlinks_scripts
+ as "Decho, a vimL debugging aid"
+ or
+ http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=120
+
+ and put it into your local plugin directory.
+
+ 2. <Decho.vim> itself needs the <cecutil.vim> script, so you'll need
+ to put it into your .vim/plugin, too. You may obtain it from:
+
+ http://mysite.verizon.net/astronaut/vim/index.html#VimFuncs
+ as "DrC's Utilities"
+
+ 3. Edit the <netrw.vim> file by typing:
+
+ vim netrw.vim
+ :DechoOn
+ :wq
+
+ To restore to normal non-debugging behavior, edit <netrw.vim>
+ by typing
+
+ vim netrw.vim
+ :DechoOff
+ :wq
+
+ This command, provided by <Decho.vim>, will comment out all
+ Decho-debugging statements (Dfunc(), Dret(), Decho(), Dredir()).
+
+ 4. Then bring up vim and attempt a transfer. A set of messages
+ should appear concerning the steps that <netrw.vim> took in
+ attempting to read/write your file over the network. Please
+ send that information to <netrw.vim>'s maintainer,
+
+ NdrOchip at ScampbellPfamily.AbizM - NOSPAM
+
+==============================================================================
+11. History *netrw-history* {{{1
+
+ v98: May 02, 2006 * the "p" key didn't work properly when the browsing
+ directory name had spaces in it.
+ v97: May 01, 2006 * exists("&acd") now used to determine if
+ the 'acd' option exists
+ * "obtain" now works again under Windows
+ v96: * bugfix - the |'acd'| option is not always defined but is
+ now bypassed only when it is
+ v95: * bugfix - Hiding mode worked correctly (don't show any file
+ matching any of the g:netrw_hide patterns), but
+ but showing mode was showing only those files that didn't
+ match any of the g:netrw_hide patterns. Instead, it now
+ shows all files that match any of the g:netrw_hide patterns
+ (the difference between a logical and and logical or).
+ v94: * bugfix - a Decho() had a missing quote; only affects things
+ when debugging was enabled.
+ v93: * bugfix - removed FocusGained event from causing a slow-browser
+ refresh for Windows
+ v92: * :Explore **//pattern implemented (**/filepattern already taken)
+ v91: * :Explore */pattern implemented
+ * |'acd'| option bypassed
+ v90: * mark ', as suggested by Yegappan Lakshmanan, used to help
+ guarantee entry into the jump list when appropriate.
+ * <s-down> and <s-up> are no longer defined until a
+ :Explore **/pattern is used (if the user already has a map
+ for them). They will be defined for new browser windows
+ from that point forward.
+ v89: * A <s-down>, <s-up>, :Nexplore, or a :Pexplore without having
+ first done an :Explore **/pattern (see |netrw-starstar|) caused
+ a lot of unhelpful error messages to appear
+ v88: * moved DrChip.Netrw menu to Netrw. Now has priority 80 by
+ default. g:NetrwTopLvlMenu == "Netrw" and can be changed
+ by the user to suit. The priority is g:NetrwMenuPriority.
+ * Changed filetype for browser displays from netrwlist to netrw.
+ v87: * bug fix -- menus were partially disappearing
+ v85: * bug fix -- missing an endif
+ * bug fix -- handles spaces in names and directories when using
+ ftp-based browsing
+ v83: * disabled stop-acd handling; the change in directory handling
+ may allow acd to be used again. Awaiting feedback.
+ * D was refusing to delete remote files/directories in wide
+ listing mode.
+ v81: * FocusGained also used to refresh/wipe local browser directory
+ buffers
+ * (bugfix) netrw was leaving [Scratch] buffers behind when the
+ the user had the "hidden" option set. The 'hidden' option is
+ now bypassed.
+ v80: * ShellCmdPost event used in conjunction with g:netrw_fastbrowse
+ to refresh/wipe local browser directory buffers.
+ v79: * directories are now displayed with nowrap
+ * (bugfix) if the column width was smaller than the largest
+ file's name, then netrw would hang when using wide-listing
+ mode - fixed
+ * g:netrw_fastbrowse introduced
+ v78: * progress has been made on allowing spaces inside directory
+ names for remote work (reading, writing, browsing). (scp)
+ v77: * Mikolaj Machowski fixed a bug in a substitute command
+ * g:netrw_browsex_viewer implemented
+ * Mikolaj Machowski pointed out that gnome-open is often
+ executable under KDE systems, although it is effectively
+ not functional. NetBrowseX now looks for "kicker" as
+ a running process to determine if KDE is actually the
+ really running.
+ * Explorer's O functionality was inadvertently left out.
+ Netrw now does the same thing, but with the "P" key.
+ * added g:netrw_browse_split option
+ * fixed a bug where the directory contained a "." but
+ the file didn't (was treating the dirname from "."
+ onwards as a suffix)
+ v76: * "directory is missing" error message now restores echo
+ highlighting
+ v75: * file://... now conforms to RFC2396 (thanks to S. Zacchiroli)
+ * if the binary option is set, then NetWrite() will only write
+ the whole file (line numbers don't make sense with this).
+ Supports writing of tar and zip files.
+ v74: * bugfix (vim, then :Explore) now works
+ * ctrl-L keeps cursor at same screen location (both local and
+ remote browsing)
+ * netrw now can read remote zip and tar files
+ * Obtain now uses WinXP ftp+.netrc successfully
+ v73: * bugfix -- scp://host/path/file was getting named incorrectly
+ * netrw detects use of earlier-than-7.0 version of vim and issues
+ a pertinent error message.
+ * netrwSettings.vim is now uses autoloading. Only
+ <netrwPlugin.vim> is needed as a pure plugin
+ (ie. always loaded).
+ v72: * bugfix -- formerly, one could prevent the loading of netrw
+ by "let g:loaded_netrw=1"; when autoloading became supported,
+ this feature was lost. It is now restored.
+ v71: * bugfix -- made some "set nomodifiable"s into setlocal variants
+ (allows :e somenewfile to be modifiable as usual)
+ * NetrwSettings calls a netrw function, thereby assuring that
+ netrw has loaded. However, if netrw does not load for whatever
+ reason, then NetrwSettings will now issue a warning message.
+ * For what reason I don't recall, when wget and fetch are both
+ not present, and an attempt to read a http://... url is made,
+ netrw exited. It now only returns.
+ * When ch=1, on the second and subsequent uses of browsing Netrw
+ would issue a blank line to clear the echo'd messages. This
+ caused an annoying "Hit-Enter" prompt; now a blank line message
+ is echo'd only if &ch>1.
+ v70: * when using |netrw-O|, the "Obtaining filename" message is now
+ shown using |hl-User9|. If User9 has not been defined, netrw
+ will define it.
+ v69: * Bugfix: win95/98 machines were experiencing a
+ "E121: Undefined variable: g:netrw_win95ftp" message
+ v68: * double-click-leftmouse selects word under mouse
+ v67: * Passwords which contain blanks will now be surrounded by
+ double-quotes automatically (Yongwei)
+ v66: * Netrw now seems to work with a few more Windows situations
+ * O now obtains a file: remote browsing file -> local copy,
+ locally browsing file -> current directory (see :pwd)
+ * i now cycles between thin, long, and wide listing styles
+ * NB and Nb are maps that are always available; corresponding
+ B and b maps are only available when not using wide listing
+ in order to allow them to be used for motions
+ v65: * Browser functions now use NetOptionSave/Restore; in particular,
+ netrw now works around the report setting
+ v64: * Bugfix - browsing a "/" directory (Unix) yielded buffers
+ named "[Scratch]" instead of "/"
+ * Bugfix - remote browsing with ftp was omitting the ./ and ../
+ v63: * netrw now takes advantage of autoload (and requires 7.0)
+ * Bugfix - using r (to reverse sort) working again
+ v62: * Bugfix - spaces allowed again in directory names with
+ g:netrw_keepdir=0. In fact, I've tested netrw (again)
+ with most ANSI punctuation marks for directory names.
+ * Bugfix - NetrwSettings gave errors when g:netrw_silent
+ had not be set.
+ v61: * document upgrade -- netrw variable-based settings all should
+ have tags. Supports NetrwSettings command.
+ * several important variables are window-oriented. Netrw has
+ to transfer these across a window split. See s:BufWinVars()
+ and s:UseBufWinVars().
+ v60: * when using the i map to switch between long and short listings,
+ netrw will now keep cursor on same line
+ * "Match # of #" now uses status line
+ * :Explore **/*.c will now work from a non-netrw-browser window
+ * :Explore **/patterns can now be run in separate browser windows
+ * active banner (hit <cr> will cause various things to happen)
+ v59: * bugfix -- another keepalt work-around installed (for vim6.3)
+ * "Match # of #" for Explore **/pattern matches
+ v58: * Explore and relatives can now handle **/somefilepattern (v7)
+ * Nexplore and Pexplore introduced (v7). shift-down and shift-up
+ cursor keys will invoke Nexplore and Pexplore, respectively.
+ * bug fixed with o and v
+ * autochdir only worked around for vim when it has been
+ compiled with either |+netbeans_intg| or |+sun_workshop|
+ * Under Windows, all directories and files were being preceded
+ with a "/" when local browsing. Fixed.
+ * When: syntax highlighting is off, laststatus=2, and remote
+ browsing is used, sometimes the laststatus highlighting
+ bleeds into the entire display. Work around - do an extra
+ redraw in that case.
+ * Bugfix: when g:netrw_keepdir=0, due to re-use of buffers,
+ netrw didn't change the directory when it should've
+ * Bugfix: D and R commands work again
+ v57: * Explore and relatives can now handle RO files
+ * reverse sort restored with vim7's sort command
+ * g:netrw_keepdir now being used to keep the current directory
+ unchanged as intended (sense change)
+ * vim 6.3 still supported
+ v56: * LocalBrowse now saves autochdir setting, unsets it, and
+ restores it before returning.
+ * using vim's rename() instead of system + local_rename variable
+ * avoids changing directory when g:netrw_keepdir is false
+ v55: * -bar used with :Explore :Sexplore etc to allow multiple
+ commands to be separated by |s
+ * browser listings now use the "nowrap" option
+ * browser: some unuseful error messages now suppressed
+ v54: * For backwards compatibility, Explore and Sexplore have been
+ implemented. In addition, Hexplore and Vexplore commands
+ are available, too.
+ * <amatch> used instead of <afile> in the transparency
+ support (BufReadCmd, FileReadCmd, FileWriteCmd)
+ * ***netrw*** prepended to various error messages netrw may emit
+ * g:netrw_port used instead of b:netrw_port for scp
+ * any leading [:#] is removed from port numbers
+ v53: * backslashes as well as slashes placed in various patterns
+ (ex. g:netrw_sort_sequence) to better support Windows
+ v52: * nonumber'ing now set for browsing buffers
+ * when the hiding list hid all files, error messages ensued. Fixed
+ * when browsing, swf is set, but directory is not set, when netrw
+ was attempting to restore options, vim wanted to save a swapfile
+ to a local directory using an url-style path. Fixed
+ v51: * cygwin detection now automated (using windows and &shell is bash)
+ * customizable browser "file" rejection patterns
+ * directory history
+ * :[range]w url now supported (ie. netrw has a FileWriteCmd event)
+ * error messages have a "Press <cr> to continue" to allow them
+ to be seen
+ * directory browser displays no longer bother the swapfile
+ * u/U commands to go up and down the history stack
+ * history stack may be saved with viminfo with its "!" option
+ * bugfixes associated with unwanted [No Files] entries
+ v50: * directories now displayed using buftype=nofile; should keep the
+ directory names as-is
+ * attempts to remove empty "[No File]" buffers leftover
+ from :file ..name.. commands
+ * bugfix: a "caps-lock" editing difficulty left in v49 was fixed
+ * syntax highlighting for "Showing:" the hiding list included
+ * bookmarks can now be retained if "!" is in the viminfo option
+ v49: * will use ftp for http://.../ browsing v48:
+ * One may use ftp to do remote host file browsing
+ * (windows and !cygwin) remote browsing with ftp can now use
+ the "dir" command internally to provide listings
+ * g:netrw_keepdir now allows one to keep the initial current
+ directory as the current directory (normally the local file
+ browser makes the currently viewed directory the current
+ directory)
+ * g:netrw_alto and g:netrw_altv now support alternate placement
+ of windows started with o or v
+ * Nread ? and Nwrite ? now uses echomsg (instead of echo) so
+ :messages can repeat showing the help
+ * bugfix: avoids problems with partial matches of directory names
+ to prior buffers with longer names
+ * one can suppress error messages with g:netrw_quiet ctrl-h used
+ * instead of <Leader>h for editing hiding list one may edit the
+ * sorting sequence with the S map now allows confirmation of
+ * deletion with [y(es) n(o) a(ll) q(uit)] the "x" map now handles
+ * special file viewing with:
+ (windows) rundll32 url.dll (gnome) gnome-open (kde)
+ kfmclient If none of these are on the executable path, then
+ netrwFileHandlers.vim is used.
+ * directory bookmarking during both local and remote browsing
+ implemented
+ * one may view all, use the hiding list to suppress, or use the
+ hiding list to show-only remote and local file/directory
+ listings
+ * improved unusual file and directory name handling preview
+ * window support
+ v47: * now handles local directory browsing.
+ v46: * now handles remote directory browsing
+ * g:netrw_silent (if 1) will cause all transfers to be silent
+ v45: * made the [user@]hostname:path form a bit more restrictive to
+ better handle errors in using protocols (e.g. scp:usr@host:file
+ was being recognized as an rcp request) v44: * changed from
+ "rsync -a" to just "rsync"
+ * somehow an editing error messed up the test to recognize
+ use of the fetch method for NetRead.
+ * more debugging statements included
+ v43: * moved "Explanation" comments to <pi_netrw.txt> help file as
+ "Network Reference" (|netrw-ref|)
+ * <netrw.vim> now uses Dfunc() Decho() and Dret() for debugging
+ * removed superfluous NetRestorePosn() calls
+ v42: * now does BufReadPre and BufReadPost events on file:///* and
+ file://localhost/* v41: * installed file:///* and
+ file://localhost/* handling v40: * prevents redraw when a
+ protocol error occurs so that the user may see it v39: * sftp
+ support v38: * Now uses NetRestorePosn() calls with
+ Nread/Nwrite commands
+ * Temporary files now removed via bwipe! instead of bwipe
+ (thanks to Dave Roberts) v37: * Claar's modifications which
+ test if ftp is successful, otherwise give an error message
+ * After a read, the alternate file was pointing to the temp file.
+ The temp file buffer is now wiped out.
+ * removed silent from transfer methods so user can see what's
+ happening
+
+
+==============================================================================
+11. Credits *netrw-credits* {{{1
+
+ Vim editor by Bram Moolenaar (Thanks, Bram!)
+ dav support by C Campbell
+ fetch support by Bram Moolenaar and C Campbell
+ ftp support by C Campbell <NdrOchip@ScampbellPfamily.AbizM>
+ http support by Bram Moolenaar <bram@moolenaar.net>
+ rcp
+ rsync support by C Campbell (suggested by Erik Warendorph)
+ scp support by raf <raf@comdyn.com.au>
+ sftp support by C Campbell
+
+ inputsecret(), BufReadCmd, BufWriteCmd contributed by C Campbell
+
+ Jérôme Augé -- also using new buffer method with ftp+.netrc
+ Bram Moolenaar -- obviously vim itself, :e and v:cmdarg use,
+ fetch,...
+ Yasuhiro Matsumoto -- pointing out undo+0r problem and a solution
+ Erik Warendorph -- for several suggestions (g:netrw_..._cmd
+ variables, rsync etc)
+ Doug Claar -- modifications to test for success with ftp
+ operation
+
+==============================================================================
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:fdm=marker